Raydium

Raydium start with SOL–USDC via raydium.io. Set slippage to 0.05–0.20% for majors; 0.20–0.50% for micro caps. Add a priority fee of 0.0005–0.002 sol during peak blocks on solana for faster confirmation. The swap fee equals 0.25%; about 0.22% flows to depositors, 0.03% to RAY staking. raydium routes via the on-chain orderbook for sharper quotes; for tickets under $50k, impact usually <0.10% on deep pairs.

For passive market-making, choose pair vaults with 7d volume/inventory > 0.5, depth > $3m, fee APR > 8%. Target RAY incentives ≥ 5% on top of fees. Start with SOL–USDC or SOL–wBTC for smoother PnL. Use single-asset entry if one side only; otherwise 50/50.

Price divergence math: 2x move → ≈5.7% loss vs hold; 3x → ≈13.4%; 0.5x → ≈5.7%. Fees offset this only with active flow; aim for fee APR ≥ divergence estimate over your expected horizon. For volatile pairs, hedge delta via perps on Drift or Apollo; size hedge to 50–80% beta.

Operational checklist: verify domain https://raydium.io (io suffix). Connect a fresh wallet for deposits; keep cold storage separate. Test with small size first; then scale. Monitor 24h volume, active addresses, incentive schedule every week.

Raydium: on Solana AMM Liquidity Pools and Yield Farming

Start with a stablecoin pair via concentrated maker ranges on raydium in solana, pick the lowest fee tier for stable pairs, pick a higher tier for volatile assets, keep 0.02–0.05 sol for network costs.

Setup, capital placement, fee capture

Open the dapp at raydium.io, connect a wallet, use swap to balance both tokens by value, proceed to the market-making section, create a new position. For constant-product style positions, deposit equal value of each asset. For concentrated ranges, choose a price band that covers recent volatility, wide bands reduce rebalancing needs, narrow bands harvest more fees per dollar but require active upkeep.

Pick pairs with strong trading volume, tight spreads, small price impact at your target size (test with a dry-run swap of 1–5% of your intended deposit). Use a lower fee tier for stablecoin vs stablecoin, use mid or high tiers for volatile pairs to offset divergence loss via higher fee take. Set slippage limits conservatively (0.2–0.5% for majors, up to 1% for thin books).

Risk control, incentives, upkeep

Mitigate divergence loss by avoiding highly correlated short positions against your deposit, prefer correlated assets or stables for passive setups. For range positions, start with a band that spans recent ATR × 2–3, adjust only after observing fee accrual vs price drift. Reinvest fees periodically, avoid overcompounding if gas plus reprice costs exceed fee growth.

Check for active incentive campaigns on the pair, stake the position token in the matching gauge to collect extra emissions, compound on a schedule that beats fee plus opportunity costs. Always verify token mints, market IDs, program IDs before depositing capital.

Reference details, fee tiers, position mechanics, reward gauges: docs.raydium.io (TLD: io).

Connecting a Solana wallet to Raydium.io: supported wallets, fee settings, and RPC configuration

Use only https://raydium.io, press Connect, pick a wallet, approve the session, keep at least 0.02 sol for fees, verify the domain shows raydium.

Supported wallets

Desktop choices: Phantom, Solflare, Backpack, Glow, Nightly, Ledger via browser extension. Mobile access: in-app browser on Phantom or Solflare or Backpack, or QR via mobile wallet adapter. Full details, feature changes, security tips: https://docs.raydium.io/

Tip: avoid deprecated sollet; hardware users must enable blind signing in the Ledger app before connecting.

Fee controls + RPC setup

Priority fees: open wallet settings, find Priority fee, select Medium during moderate traffic, High during congestion, Low for quiet periods. If swaps stall, raise the priority level, then retry.

Slippage for dex swap: gear icon on the swap panel, 0.1–0.5% for large-cap pairs, 1–3% for volatile tokens; keep the number as low as fills permit to limit MEV exposure.

RPC endpoint: default mainnet-beta works for light use; public URL: https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com. Custom RPC improves rate limits, lowers failed requests; in the wallet, open Network or Advanced, choose custom endpoint, paste your provider URL, save, reconnect to raydium. Reference list of public endpoints: https://docs.solana.com/cluster/rpc-endpoints

Troubleshooting: “Blockhash not found” or “simulation failed” usually signals congestion or rate limits; raise priority, tweak slippage, switch to a reliable RPC, then resend the swap on solana dex.

Using Raydium Swap on the Raydium Solana DEX: pair selection, slippage, price impact, and routing

Connect a wallet on solana, keep ≥0.02 sol for fees plus a small priority tip, open the Swap screen on the raydium dex, select tokens, verify the quote, then adjust controls before submitting.

Pair selection: prefer a direct path for major markets such as SOL↔USDC if the quote is equal or better versus multi-hop. Check 24h volume on the quote widget or an explorer; for larger orders target pairs with substantial depth. If volume looks thin, cut order size or split into smaller chunks.

Slippage: start at 0.1–0.3% for SOL↔USDC. Use 0.5–1.0% for volatile assets. Go above 1–2% only for tiny trades or very thin markets. Lower tolerance reduces fill risk at the cost of more reverts; higher tolerance raises fill probability yet increases exposure to adverse movement.

Price impact: keep this metric under 0.5% for majors, under 1% for mid-caps. If impact exceeds 2%, reduce size or break the trade into parts. Use Exact In for fixed input size, Exact Out for fixed received amount; pick the mode that matches your objective.

Routing: enable auto-route for best execution across multiple legs when it improves the net rate. Inspect the path preview; examples could be TokenA → SOL → USDC → TokenB. Each leg carries a fee; constant-product legs often use ~0.25%, concentrated ranges may use tiers such as 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.25%, 1%. Fewer hops reduce cumulative fees, yet a multi-hop path can still win if depth is superior.

Protections: confirm Minimum received before submit. Set a deadline of 60–120 seconds to avoid stale quotes. If your wallet offers a priority fee, add a modest tip during peak traffic to reduce delay without overspending.

Reference: docs.raydium.io

Providing liquidity to the RAY/SOL pool on Raydium AMM: CLMM vs CPMM, LP tokens, and fee accrual

Pick CLMM for RAY/sol if you can monitor at least daily, set a tight band near the mid price (±10–30% works for many traders), choose a higher fee tier for spiky conditions; use CPMM for a passive approach with full-time market coverage.

CLMM vs CPMM in practice: CLMM concentrates capital inside your chosen bounds, capital goes inactive once price exits that band, fees accrue per position, harvest with a Collect action, position is represented by an NFT. CPMM spreads capital across the full curve, fees roll into the pool reserves automatically, value accrues inside a fungible SPL LP token, no manual fee claim step.

Depositing to the RAY/sol pair on a solana dex via the official .io front end: select the pair, pick CPMM or CLMM. For CPMM, supply equal value in RAY, sol, confirm, receive fungible LP tokens. For CLMM, set lower/upper bounds, preview required amounts, confirm, receive an NFT position.

Fee accrual: every swap within your active range generates fees in RAY, sol. In CPMM, fees compound into reserves, redemption value per LP token rises over time. In CLMM, fees sit as claimable amounts per NFT; hit Collect to realize, optionally add to the position for compounding.

Range, tier, size: tighter bands boost fee APR per unit of capital, risk of going out-of-range rises. Wider bands cut fee density, improve uptime. Small accounts benefit from fewer rebalances on solana due to low network fees, large accounts can run multiple overlapping bands with different tiers to balance volume capture vs IL.

Risk control: IL increases with volatility, narrow bands, long holding time. Use price alerts at band edges, pre-plan rebalance thresholds, avoid depositing during thin liquidity hours on the dex, prefer higher fee tiers during news-driven spikes to offset IL.

Exiting: CPMM – burn LP tokens, receive RAY, sol pro rata. CLMM – Collect fees, decrease or close position, receive the two assets in current proportions.

Checklist: verify contract addresses, confirm fee tier, confirm tick bounds, simulate outcomes at ±20% price moves, keep a small buffer of sol for transactions, use a hardware wallet during high-value operations.

Staking RAY/SOL LP tokens in Raydium Farms: reward schedule, claim-and-compound steps, and tracking

Stake only while APR on raydium.io is attractive, target 2–3 compounds per week, keep slippage tight during each swap to limit bleed.

Reward flow uses continuous accrual on solana slots, claimable at any moment, no lockup, typical network cost per action stays tiny, so frequency can be high without fee drag.

Stake steps: connect wallet on raydium.io, open the RAY–SOL LP farm, press Stake, input LP size, confirm, verify staked balance rises.

Claim → compound loop: press Harvest, swap ~50% of RAY to SOL via the raydium dex, add RAY+SOL to mint fresh LP, stake the new LP back, verify pending RAY resets + staked LP increases.

Swap tips: set slippage 0.2%–0.5% on liquid hours, keep price impact <0.5%, split size into 2–3 swaps if depth looks thin, prefer the dex route shown on raydium.io for tighter quotes.

Frequency rule: compound once projected reward value exceeds 5–10× total tx cost for the loop (harvest + swap(s) + add LP + stake). On solana that threshold is low, so daily or multi-day cycles are feasible.

Tracking: watch “Pending RAY”, staked LP size, APR on the farm UI; use step.finance for portfolio totals, sonar.watch for position history, birdeye.live for RAY/SOL price + volume; set alerts near target APR or price bands to time compounds.

Risk notes specific to LP stake: monitor RAY vs SOL divergence, check farm page for incentive changes, keep a buffer of SOL for fees, rotate to a stronger campaign if APR on this pair decays.

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Managing risk and exits: impermanent loss, pool migration, unstake and withdraw via Raydium.io and Solscan

Set exit rules before depositing: cap impermanent loss at a fixed level, predefine a price ratio trigger r_max for the volatile side, prepare a step-by-step unwind flow via raydium.io + Solscan.

Risk controls

• Quantify impermanent loss quickly: for price ratio r = new_price/entry_price, IL = (2*sqrt(r)/(1+r)) - 1. Example: r=1.5 → IL ≈ -2.02%; r=1.3 → IL ≈ -0.86%.
• Use IL threshold vs fees: target 7–14 day fees ≥ expected IL. If average daily fee from the pair on the dex is 0.05%, 14 days ≈ 0.7%; unwind if IL estimate > 0.7%.
• Prefer high volume pairs, narrow spreads, deep reserves; avoid pairs with thin books, stale oracles, paused incentives.
• Hedge volatile exposure: for SOL/USDC LP notional N, short ~0.5*N/price(SOL) units of SOL perps; reduce IL from directional moves, monitor funding costs.
• Fee slippage control: set swap slippage ≤ 0.3% for majors, ≤ 0.1% during low volatility; widen only during exit rushes.
• Execution windows: exit during peak volume UTC 13:00–20:00; fewer failed tx, tighter quotes on solana.
• Cost baseline: typical network fee ≈ 0.000005 sol per tx; batch actions to limit clicks.

Exit flow via raydium.io + Solscan

1. Identify the exact pair vault:
   • Open solscan.io → search your wallet → Tokens → locate the LP token → open the mint page.
   • Copy the pair address (often shown as market id, LP mint, authority).
   • Check recent volume, fee accrual, reserves; sudden drops hint at migration.
2. Unstake on raydium.io:
   • Open raydium.io → connect wallet.
   • Go to the staking/farm page for the pair → Claim rewards first (avoid dust left behind).
   • Unstake 100% of LP shares; wait for confirmation on solscan.
3. Withdraw LP into tokens:
   • Open the LP remove page on raydium.io → select the same pair.
   • Choose withdrawal ratio (50/50 by default) → Remove → confirm.
   • Verify token balances on Solscan → Wallet → Tokens; ensure LP position hits zero.
4. Post-exit swap to target asset:
   • Open swap on raydium.io → pick the received tokens → swap to sol or stable as per plan.
   • Set slippage per risk plan; prefer routing that minimizes price impact on the dex.
5. Migration to a new pair vault (if announced):
   • Find the new pair address via official raydium links or program accounts on Solscan; avoid impostors by cross-checking creator/program id.
   • Re-add LP only if volume, reserves, fee share, incentives exceed the prior venue; test with a small size first.
6. Troubleshooting:
   • TX pending → raise compute units or retry with a fresh recent blockhash.
   • Partial unstake/withdraw → repeat with smaller size (25–50%).
   • Token not visible → import mint via Solscan link; decimals must match.

• Quick checklist:
  • Claim rewards → Unstake LP → Remove LP → swap to exit asset.
  • Confirm on Solscan after every step.
  • Record entry price, exit price, IL estimate, fees captured, net PnL in sol or USD.
• Security hygiene:
  • Use raydium links from verified sources; compare program ids on Solscan.
  • Revoke obsolete approvals post-exit via wallet permissions.
  • Avoid exits via unknown frontends; route via the main dex UI or direct program calls you trust.

Targets that reduce regret: IL cap 1–2% for SOL pairs, minimum fee yield ≥ IL estimate across your holding period, <0.3% total slippage for the unwind path, zero residual LP post-withdraw, balances verified on Solscan, final asset held per plan (sol or stable).

Q&A:

How does Raydium on Solana differ from a typical AMM, and what does “order book routing” mean?

Raydium runs classic constant-product pools and also concentrated liquidity pools (CLMM) on Solana. The platform can route orders across its own pools and the on-chain order book (OpenBook, the community successor to Serum). This means a swap on raydium.io may fill partly from AMM liquidity and partly from the order book, aiming for better price and lower slippage. For LPs, this hybrid approach can increase trade flow through pools, which affects fees earned, but it also means price moves can be swift on active pairs.

Are my LP funds locked on Raydium, and can I exit a Farm anytime?

Most Raydium LPs are not time-locked: you can remove liquidity at any moment, and Farm deposits can be unstaked whenever you like. Rewards can usually be claimed on demand. Exceptions can exist for special campaigns or partner programs, so always read the pool or Farm details on the pair page before committing funds.